Summary

'ईश्वरन द स्टोरीटेलर' (Iswaran the Storyteller) कहानी आर.के. लक्ष्मण द्वारा रचित है, जो महेंद्र के रसोइये ईश्वरन की अद्भुत कहानी सुनाने की कला पर केंद्रित है। ईश्वरन अपनी सस्पेंस और रोमांच भरी कहानियों से साधारण घटनाओं को भी दिलचस्प बना देता था। वह दक्षिण भारतीय कहानियों से प्रेरित होकर नाटक की तरह भूत-प्रेत की कहानियाँ सुनाता था, जो श्रोता को मंत्रमुग्ध कर देती थीं।

कहानी के मुख्य बिंदु:
  • ईश्वरन का चरित्र: महेंद्र, जो एक इंजीनियर है, के साथ काम करने वाला ईश्वरन एक वफादार रसोइया और देखभाल करने वाला व्यक्ति है। वह तमिल थ्रिलर उपन्यासों से प्रेरित होकर कहानियाँ सुनाने में माहिर है।
  • पागल हाथी की कहानी: ईश्वरन एक बार एक स्कूल के मैदान में घुसे पागल हाथी की कहानी सुनाता है, जिसे उसने अपनी छड़ी से एक उंगली पर मार कर शांत किया था।
  • भूत की कहानी: ईश्वरन ने महेंद्र को बताया कि वह जिस जगह रह रहे हैं, वह कभी कब्रिस्तान हुआ करती थी। उसने एक महिला भूत की कहानी सुनाई जो गोद में भ्रूण लेकर चलती है।
  • महेंद्र का डर और प्रस्थान: ईश्वरन की डरावनी कहानियों से प्रभावित होकर महेंद्र को लगता है कि उसने रात में किसी के रोने की आवाज़ सुनी है, जिससे वह डर जाता है और नौकरी छोड़कर उस जगह से जाने का फैसला करता है।
यह पाठ बताता है कि कैसे सुनी-सुनाई बातें हमारे दिमाग को प्रभावित कर सकती हैं और हमें अंधविश्वास की ओर ले जा सकती हैं।

Iswaran the Storyteller Summary

Iswaran’s story was told to Ganesh by Mahendra who worked as a junior supervisor at different construction sites. As Mahendra was unmarried, he was able to live in the temporary shelters provided by the construction company. Iswaran accompanied Mahendra wherever he went. He was an advantage to him as he provided him company, cooked food for him and even washed his clothes. Mahendra says that Iswaran would gather all the things required to prepare a meal within no time. Every morning Mahendra would get ready, eat his breakfast, take his lunch along and go for his work. In the meantime, Iswaran would clean the living place, wash the clothes, take a bath, eat his lunch, read his favorite Tamil story book and take a nap. In the evening, Iswaran would entertain Mahendra with his stories. He had the art of storytelling as he would use his body gestures, facial expressions and voice modulation in order to bring his characters to life. Even though the stories seemed untrue, Iswaran narrated them in such a unique way that Mahendra listened to him with curiosity. Iswaran would start a story with an introduction, he would lay the background of the character, followed by the story. He described a simple incident in such detail, along with actions that it would create suspense in the listener’s mind. Once he told Mahendra the story of an elephant that had escaped from the jungle and entered the town. The beast reached Iswaran’s school. As it destroyed the school property, all the students locked themselves up in the classroom. At that time, Iswaran was studying in one of the junior classes. He was watching the   incident from the rooftop. He took a stick from the teacher and came down stairs, in the ground. He walked towards the elephant as it threatened to attack him. Iswaran was not scared of it. He gathered all his strength and hit the elephant on its toenail quickly. This attack stunned the elephant, it fainted and fell on the ground. He did not complete the story and said that he was getting late for the dinner. He went to get the dinner but Mahendra was curious to know what happened next. As Iswaran did not continue with the story, Mahendra had to remind him that the ending was pending. Then Iswaran said that a veterinary doctor was called. He brought the elephant back to consciousness and after two days a mahout was called who took the elephant back to the jungle. Mahendra asked Iswaran that how did he manage to overpower the huge beast. Iswaran replied that he used the technique of a Japanese martial art which was either Karate or Jujitsu. He had read about it somewhere, that the martial art was able to make a person unconscious by paralyzing the nervous system.Everyday Iswaran would narrate one or the other story which was entertaining for him and fulfilled the absence of a television in his living quarter. One morning Iswaran asked permission to cook a special dinner as it was the day when they cooked meal for the dead elders of the family. That evening Mahendra enjoyed a tasty meal and complimented Iswaran on his cooking skills. As Mahendra was relaxing after the meal, to his dislike, Iswaran started narrating a story related to ghosts and supernatural powers. He said that the factory area where they lived was earlier a burial ground.oO the very first day, he had seen a human skull lying around. He added that he was not afraid of ghosts and saw many bones and skulls. On a full moon night, he saw an ugly ghost of a woman who had a shrunken face, matted hair and held an unborn baby in its arms. Mahendra was uneasy and scolded Iswaran for talking nonsense. He said that Ghosts did not exist and ordered him to get himself examined as he thought that he had gone mad. Since that day, Mahendra felt uneasy and would peep out of the window in order to check the presence of any ghost around. One night, Mahendra woke up from his sleep as he heard someone crying.At first, he thought that it was a catlooking for mice.  As the sound became more harsh and deep, Mahendra could not ignore it and gave into the desire of peeping out of the window. As he looked out, he saw the white moonlight and a dark shadow holding a bundle in its arms. As he saw the ghost he started sweating, breathing heavily and fell back on the bed. After sometime, Mahindra thought that probably his subconscious mind was playing a trick on him and actually there was no ghost. He got ready the next morning and had forgotten the incident of the previous night. Iswaran greeted him and gave him his lunch bag. He said that a few days ago Mahendra had scolded him for discussing the ghost but last night he saw it himself. Iswaran had heard Mahendra crying at night. It was confirmed that Mahendra had seen the ghost the previous night and it was not a trick played by his mind. Once again, Mahendra was frightened, he left in a hurry and resigned from the job. He could not live at a haunted place for a single day.

ईश्वरन की कहानी महेंद्र ने गणेश को सुनाई, जो विभिन्न निर्माण स्थलों पर कनिष्ठ पर्यवेक्षक के रूप में काम करता था। महेंद्र अविवाहित होने के कारण निर्माण कंपनी द्वारा प्रदान किए गए अस्थायी आश्रयों में रहने में सक्षम था।
ईश्वरन जहां भी जाते महेंद्र के साथ जाते थे। वह उसके लिए एक फायदा था क्योंकि वह उसे साथ देता था, उसके लिए खाना बनाता था और यहां तक ​​कि उसके कपड़े भी धोता था।
महेंद्र का कहना था कि ईश्वरन कुछ ही समय में भोजन तैयार करने के लिए आवश्यक सभी चीजें इकट्ठा कर लेता था । हर सुबह महेंद्र तैयार हो जाता, नाश्ता करता, दोपहर का भोजन साथ ले , अपने काम पर चला जाता।
इस बीच, ईश्वरन रहने की जगह की सफाई करता, कपड़े धोता, नहाता, दोपहर का भोजन करता, अपनी पसंदीदा तामिल कहानी की किताब पढ़ता और झपकी लेता। शाम को ईश्वरन अपनी कहानियों से महेंद्र का मनोरंजन करता । उनके पास कहानी कहने की कला थी क्योंकि वे अपने पात्रों को जीवंत करने के लिए अपने शरीर के हावभाव, चेहरे के भाव और आवाज को बदल लेते थे।
भले ही कहानियाँ असत्य लग रही थीं, ईश्वरन ने उन्हें इतने अनोखे तरीके से सुनाया कि महेंद्र ने उन्हें उत्सुकता से सुना। ईश्वरन एक परिचय के साथ एक कहानी शुरू करता, वह चरित्र की पृष्ठभूमि रखता, उसके बाद कहानी सुनाता ।
उन्होंने एक साधारण घटना का इतना विस्तार से वर्णन किया, साथ ही उन कार्यों का भी वर्णन किया जो सुनने वाले के मन में रहस्य पैदा कर दें।
एक बार उसने महेन्द्र को एक हाथी की कहानी सुनाई जो जंगल से भागकर नगर में प्रवेश कर गया था। जानवर ईश्वरन के स्कूल पहुंचा। जैसे ही इसने स्कूल की संपत्ति को नष्ट किया , सभी छात्रों ने खुद को कक्षा में बंद कर लिया , उस समय ईश्वरन एक जूनियर क्लास में पढ़ता था। वह छत से घटना को देख रहा था।
उसने शिक्षक से एक छड़ी ली और सीढ़ियों से नीचे जमीन पे आ गया। वह हाथी की ओर चला गया क्योंकि उसने उस पर हमला करने की धमकी दी थी।
ईश्वरन इससे डरते नहीं थे। उसने अपनी सारी ताकत इकट्ठी की और हाथी को उसके पैर के नाखून पर जल्दी से मारा। इस हमले से हाथी स्तब्ध रह गया, वह बेहोश होकर जमीन पर गिर पड़ा। उसने कहानी पूरी नहीं की और कहा कि उसे रात के खाने में देर हो रही है।
वह खाना खाने गया लेकिन महेंद्र जानने को उत्सुक था कि आगे क्या हुआ। जैसा कि ईश्वरन ने कहानी जारी नहीं की, महेंद्र को उसे याद दिलाना पड़ा कि अंत लंबित था। तब ईश्वरन ने कहा कि पशु चिकित्सक को बुलाया गया है। वह हाथी को वापस होश में ले आया और दो दिनों के बाद एक महावत को बुलाया गया जो हाथी को वापस जंगल में ले गया।
महेंद्र ने ईश्वरन से पूछा कि उसने विशाल जानवर पर काबू पाने का प्रबंधन कैसे किया। ईश्वरन ने उत्तर दिया कि उन्होंने एक जापानी मार्शल आर्ट की तकनीक का इस्तेमाल किया जो या तो कराटे या जुजित्सु थी।
उन्होंने इसके बारे में कहीं पढ़ा था, कि मार्शल आर्ट नर्वस सिस्टम को लकवा मारकर इंसान को बेहोश करने में सक्षम है। ईश्वरन हर दिन कोई न कोई कहानी सुनाते थे जो उनके लिए मनोरंजक थी और उनके रहने वाले क्वार्टर में टेलीविजन की अनुपस्थिति को पूरा करती थी।
एक सुबह ईश्वरन ने एक विशेष रात का खाना बनाने की अनुमति मांगी क्योंकि यह वह दिन था जब उन्होंने परिवार के मृत बुजुर्गों के लिए भोजन बनाना था। उस शाम महेंद्र ने स्वादिष्ट भोजन का आनंद लिया और ईश्वरन को उसके खाना पकाने के कौशल के लिए बधाई दी।
जैसे ही महेंद्र भोजन के बाद आराम कर रहा था, ईश्वरन ने अपनी नापसंदगी के लिए भूतों और अलौकिक शक्तियों से संबंधित एक कहानी सुनाना शुरू कर दिया।
उन्होंने कहा कि जिस फैक्ट्री क्षेत्र में वे रहते थे, वह पहले एक कब्रगाह थी। पहले ही दिन, उन्होंने एक मानव खोपड़ी को चारों ओर पड़ा हुआ देखा था। उन्होंने कहा कि वह भूतों से नहीं डरते थे और कई हड्डियों और खोपड़ियों को देखा था ।
एक पूर्णिमा की रात को, उसने एक महिला का एक बदसूरत भूत देखा, जिसका चेहरा सिकुड़ा हुआ था, बाल उलझे हुए था और एक अजन्मे बच्चे को गोद में लिए हुए था। महेंद्र बेचैन था और उसने ईश्वरन को बकवास बात करने के लिए डांटा। उन्होंने कहा कि भूत नहीं नहीं होते हैं और उन्हें खुद की जांच करने का आदेश दिया क्योंकि उन्हें लगा कि वह पागल हो गए हैं।
एक रात महेंद्र की नींद खुली तो उसने किसी के रोने की आवाज सुनी। पहले तो उसने सोचा कि यह एक बिल्ली है जो चूहों की तलाश में है। जैसे-जैसे ध्वनि अधिक कठोर और गहरी होती गई, महेंद्र इसे अनदेखा नहीं कर सका और खिड़की से बाहर झाँकने के बारे में सोचने लगा।
जैसे ही उसने बाहर देखा, उसने सफेद चाँदनी और एक अंधेरी छाया को अपनी बाहों में एक बंडल पकड़े हुए देखा। जब उसने भूत को देखा तो उसे पसीना आने लगा, साँस लेने लगी और वह वापस बिस्तर पर गिर पड़ा। कुछ देर बाद महिंद्रा ने सोचा कि शायद उसका अवचेतन मन उसके साथ कोई चाल चल रहा है और वास्तव में कोई भूत नहीं है।
वह अगली सुबह तैयार हो गया और पिछली रात की घटना को भूल गया था। ईश्वरन ने उनका अभिवादन किया और उन्हें अपना लंच बैग दिया। उन्होंने कहा कि कुछ दिन पहले महेंद्र ने भूत की चर्चा करने पर उन्हें डांटा था लेकिन कल रात उन्होंने खुद देखा.
ईश्वरन ने महेंद्र को रात में रोते हुए सुना था। इस बात की पुष्टि हुई कि महेंद्र ने पिछली रात भूत को देखा था और यह उसके दिमाग की चाल नहीं थी। एक बार फिर महेन्द्र घबरा गया, उसने जल्दबाजी में छोड़ दिया और नौकरी से इस्तीफा दे दिया। वह एक दिन भी भूतिया जगह पर नहीं रह सकता था।

Questions & Answers

Q 1: In what way is Iswaran an asset to Mahendra?
A: Iswaran was a nice domestic helper for Mahendra. Apart from cooking and doing household work he was also a great entertainer for his masters. He was expert in the management of resources as he could find vegetables out nowhere and never complained with accompanying his masters.
Q 2: How does Iswaran describe the uprooted tree on the highway? What effect does he want to create in his listeners?
A: Iswaran narrated the uprooted tree on the highway as eyebrows made appropriately and hands stretched out in the dramatic manner. He would being by saying that the road was distant and he was also all alone. Suddenly, he found something which looked like a huge bushy beast lying across that had fallen down its dry branches and were spread out. The effect that he wanted to create is suspense concluding in a very small incident which he narrates to the readers.
Q 3: How does he narrate the story of the tusker? Does it appear to be plausible?
A:He began the story of an elephant by giving a preface in which he called an elephant a big and huge well- fed beasts. He said that after absconding from the timber yard, the elephant began roaming around carved on bushes and tore apart the wild creepers. Elephant came to the main road of the town and broke all the stalls which were selling fruits there, mud pots, broke down the volleyball net and crushed the drum which was kept for water and uprooted the shrubs. All the teachers and students were so afraid that they started climbing up to the school building's terrace. According to Iswaran, he was in the junior class. He took a cane from one of the teachers and ran into the open. The elephant was groaning and stamping its feet hardly. The entire scene was very frightening. But still, he moved slowly towards him and when the elephant rushed towards him, he moved and dead beat its third toe nail. It looked surprising and then fell down. This story does not appear to be acceptable so it is not plausible.
Q 4: Why does the author say that Iswaran seemed to more than make up for the absence of a TV in Mahendra’s living quarters?
A:The author says this so because lswaran provided a great company to Mahendra. He would talk with mahendra at night when he would return back to his home from work. Mahendra would get entertained from stories told by Iswaran. Thus, Iswaran around Mahendra both with each other never felt bored and never felt the necessity of having TV for entertainment.
Q 5:Mahendra calls ghosts or spirits a figment of the imagination. What happens to him on a full-moon night?
A: Mahendra calls ghosts or spirits as a fabrication of somebody thoughts because iswaran had told him that the ghosts were living on a funeral site and kept narrating the stories of various ghosts to him which he had faced. On the full moon night, Mahendra woke up from sleep and could hear a low groan which was close to his window. He thought that it was a cat romping around for a mice. But the sound was too deep and didn't seem like a cat. He avoided looking outsides as he didn't wanna counter whatever was there and wanted to avoid that sight which was breath taking. But the groaning became very louder and less faint. He couldn't resist that noise anymore so he calmed and lowered himself out of the windowsill. He looked out the moonlight at outside and saw a dark cloudy figure that holding a bundle. He started sweating due to fear and fell back on the pillow puffing.
Q 6: Can you think of some other ending for the story?
A: The story could have ended on the more positive note. Instead of resigning from his job, Mahendra could have shown more audacity and proved the ghost theory wrong. Another ending can be of both by showing Mahendra and Iswaran continuing their bond and leaving the place together .

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Short Answer Type Questions

1: What impact did Iswaran’s story of a female ghost have on Mahendra? 

Answer: Mahendra avoided looking out of the window when the moon was full. He went to bed with a certain unease and peered into the darkness to make sure that there was no movement of dark shapes outside.

2: Why did Mahendra become fond of Iswaran ?

Answer: Mahendra became fond of Iswaran because he was a very resourceful person and took very good care of him. He was a trained cook and could also arrange for things at a desolate place. In addition to this he took very good care of Mahendra.

3: Why did Mahendra decide to leave the haunted place?

Answer: He was afraid of the haunted place after hearing and watching a ghastly experience at night. He found that he often dreamt of that woman ghost. Therefore, he wanted to leave the place.

4: What sets Iswaran apart from other domestic helps?

Answer: Iswaran was a class in himself. He was highly resourceful and a big help to Mahendra. He was a trained cook and to top it he narrated captivating and interesting stories to Mahendra at night.

5: How did Iswaran tackle the elephant? 

Answer: The elephant had caused much terror, children and teachers ran here and there to save their lives. Iswaran dared it and hit it on the third toe with a rod. Thus, the mad elephant was controlled.

6: Why was Iswaran called Mahendra’s asset? 
Or
How did Iswaran show his usefulness to the narrator?

Answer: Iswaran was not only a trained cook but also very attached to his master, Mahendra, as he followed him everywhere he was posted. He not only took care of him by washing his clothes and cooking food but also gossiped with him in the night and told him various modified folk tales.

7: What did Mahendra decide after he had seen the ghost? 

Answer: Mahendra was convinced that there were ghosts around his house. He was scared and did not want to live there any longer and so, he resigned his job.

8: Who was Iswaran ? What all he did for his master?

Answer: Iswaran was Mahendra’s cook, he was an asset to him. He cooked for him, washed his clothes and chatted away with his master at night. He often narrated stories which were very convincing.

9: How does Iswaran describe the story of the elephant ? Does it appear to be plausible?

Answer: One day an elephant went mad, stamping oh bushes, breaking fences, smashing fruit stalls, mud pots and clothes. He even entered a school ground breaking through the brick wall. Iswaran who was in the junior class, whacked its third toe nail with a rod and it collapsed. No, the story does not appear to be plausible.

10: What destruction did the elephant cause in the town? 

Answer: The elephant caused a lot of destruction in the town. He broke branches, fences and smashed stalls. He entered a school play ground and broke a brick wall, pulled out a football goal post, tore down a volleyball net and flattened a water drum.

11: Do you think the ghost Mahendra saw bn the night of the full moon was a real ghost?

Answer: No, I think the ghost Mahendra saw was a creation of a weak mind. Iswaran had made Mahendra’s mind a little weak by telling him the ghost story. When Mahendra rebuked him for believing in ghosts, he felt offended. To prove that he was right he himself posed as a ghost. So, that is why Mahendra thought that he had seen a ghost at that full moon night.

12: Mahendra calls ghosts or spirits a figment of imagination. What happens to him on full moon night?

Answer: Mahendra never believed in ghosts and spirits but one night he had woken up from his sleep by a low moan near the window. He could not resist his curiosity and tried to look out. To his horror, he saw a dark cloudy form clutching a bundle. Mahendra was in cold sweat from top to bottom and fell back on the pillow panting.

Long Answer Type Questions

1: What are qualities of a good listener? Express your views in reference to Mahendra who a would listen to Iswaran’s tales uncritically. 

Answer: Listening is an essential part of any story telling. Being a good and a patient listener helps you achieve not only meaning of the story but also the expressions and the intentions of the story teller. Iswaran was an amazing story teller but Mahendra was an equally good listener, Iswaran used to create such a magnificent aura around the story that Mahendra used to listen to him with rapt attention he used to make eye contacts with Iswaran to either depict awe or horror depending upon the story. Mahendra would let his own mind and imaginations see the story in reality. For example, during the narration of tusker story, Mahendra could actually feel the tension and fear in his mind. Mahendra never spoke during the entire story telling session, he would never interfere in Iswaran’s story, he would occasionally nod his head and only towards the end of the story show his compressions. Mahendra would listen to Iswaran as uncritically.

2: How can you say that Iswaran was a fascinating story teller?

Answer: Iswaran was a very fascinating and a drama story teller. He gave imaginative descriptions of various events. He used dramatic language and gestures to describe events and changed a simple event in suspense. His stories had surprise endings and unexpected narrations. He was influenced by thrilling novels and stories of Tamil authors. All stories had adventure, horror and suspense. All these elements made him a fascinating story teller and he could captivate any audience with his stories.

3: How was Iswaran, the cook, an asset to Mahendra?

Answer: Iswaran, the cook, was very attached to Mahindra. He followed Mahendra whenever Mahendra got a posting. He not only washed his clothes but also chatted with him at night. He was a trained cook and could cook delicious meals really fast. He could tidy the sheds as well as narrate unbelieving accounts with utmost conviction and mostly were true accounts.

4: Write a brief character sketch of Iswaran. 

Answer: Iswaran, Mahendra’s servant, was very devoted to him. He was not only a very welltrained and wonderful cook but also a good story teller. He was fond of reading thrillers and his narrations were influenced from those styles. He had to give up his job due to a practical joke played on Mahendra, his master. Life was not possible for Mahendra without him, as he was his asset, and he started living totally isolated.

5: “Iswaran was a good cook as well as a good story teller “Elaborate with the help of example.

Answer: Iswaran was Mahendra’s <Jook and wholesale caretaker of Mahendra. He had an amazing capacity to produce vegetables and cooked ingredients seemingly out of nowhere. He not only could cook delicious meals but he was a good story teller. His descriptions were influenced by the Tamil authors he read. Even while narrating the smallest of incidents, he would try to make the account thrilling and full of suspense. Mahendra enjoyed listening to the stories told by Iswaran because of the way they were told. Thus, Iswaran was a real asset for Mahendra.

6: Iswaran was a fascinating storyteller. What other skills he had ? How was he an asset to Mahendra?

Answer: Iswaran was a fascinating story teller. He read a lot of story books and narrated incidents in a very vivid manner to Mahendra, his master. He could perform all kinds of actions and gestures to make the stories extremely interesting. Other than storytelling, he had excellent culinary skills. He was a trained cook and could cook delicious meals for Mahendra in very less time. He proved to be an asset for Mahendra. On the other hand, Mahendra also loved his stories and the excellent way of telling them.